. Yes. Grantees should adjust the list of programs to reflect additional programs available in their jurisdiction. endstream endobj 103 0 obj <. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(1), 7887. Beyond these packages, other legislation focused specifically on housing has been introduced, including the Rent and Mortgage Cancellation Act,46 the Emergency Housing Protections and Relief Act,47 and the Protecting Renters from Evictions and Fees Act.48, In September, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) enacted a national halt on residential evictions for nonpayment of rent,49 which required renters to sign a declaration form stating that they meet certain eligibility criteria.50 This action came with the following CDC acknowledgement: Housing stability helps protect public health because homelessness increases the likelihood that people may move into close quarters in homeless shelters or other settings. doi: 10.1080/10511482.2015.1020321, Bailey, K. T., Cook, J. T., Ettinger de Cuba, S., Casey, P. H., Chilton, M., Coleman, S. M., & Frank, D. A. Community-led and developed solutions must also be provided the funding necessary to build capacity to foster community partnerships and carry out the solutions developed. National data from the U.S. Census Bureaus Household Pulse Survey (HPS)109which started data collection April 23, 2020, and is ongoingwere used to estimate the experiences of housing stability for renters during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 464469. Ask for "income recertification" through your Public Housing Agency (PHA) or landlord. When programs make direct payments to landlords to cover back rent, guidance strongly encourages them to prohibit eviction for 30 to 90 days after the period covered by rental assistance. There are multiple ways to prove a risk of homelessness or housing instability, including: The calculated household income is less than 30% of the AMI. Beyond moratoriums and court action, invisible or soft evictions continue to occur across the country, with tenants being locked out of their homes56 or having their utilities shut off against local protections,57 which may take a toll on renter confidence in the effectiveness of some legislation. WebResidential instability is often addressed only at the point of homelessness and is treated as a family or household problem. (2013). If your household is eligible for emergency rental assistance, local programs may cover the cost of a hotel or motel room if: If emergency rental assistance is not available to help cover these costs, you can also ask for help under the HUD Emergency Solutions Grant program. If You Haven't Received an Eviction Notice, If You Already Received an Eviction Notice, Massachusetts Bar Association Lawyer Referral Program, Office of Housing Stability Virtual Legal Clinic, Housing Stability Notification Act: Landlord Information, Condominium and Cooperative Conversion Ordinance, Our goal is to put residents on the path to housing stability. The Office of Housing Stability's Housing Crisis Case Coordinators can help you deal with the eviction process. If its hard for you to show income or job loss, or if you have a special situation, local programs may let you write out your own statement about your income. 246 0 obj <>stream Tenants: Innocent victims of the nations foreclosure crisis. doi: 10.1007/s13524-015-0419-9, DeLuca, S., Garboden, P. M., & Rosenblatt, P. (2013). However, housing discrimination policies that disproportionately affect people of color, such as barring people with criminalized records from renting or obtaining housing vouchers,7 are still legal; and other discriminatory practices, such as landlords showing families of color fewer rental options,8 still occur with little tracking or accountability. Housing affordability and health: Evidence from New York City. Renters in foreclosure: A fresh look at an ongoing problem. If your landlord refuses to participate in the program (after repeated requests from us), you may be eligible to receive direct payment of the financial award. endstream endobj startxref Mia Ives-Rublee, Justin Schweitzer, Michela Zonta, Natasha Murphy, Osub Ahmed, Marina Zhavoronkova. doi: 10.1257/aer.20150572, Ludwig, J., Sanbonmatsu, L., Gennetian, L., Adam, E., Duncan, G. J., Katz, L. F., & McDade, T. W. (2011). doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-19. This includes developing and expanding programs, workshops, and trainings that develop racial equity capacity-building through agencies such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Eviction and the reproduction of urban poverty. Local emergency rental assistance programs must prioritize applications for renter households with income below 50% of the AMI and households with a worker who has been unemployed for at least 90 days before applying. In addition, you may get help with your future rent payments, up to 3 months at a time. Emily A. Benfer, Solomon J. Greene, and Margaret Hagan, Approaches to Eviction Prevention (Social Science Research Network, 2020): available at, Tenant Resource Center, Eviction, available at, Brian Bieretz, Kimberly Burrowes, and Emily Bramhall, Getting Landlords and Tenants to Talk (Washington: Urban Institute, 2020), available at, National League of Cities, Long-Term Approaches to Preventing Evictions Now and Beyond COVID-19, August 7, 2020), available at, Heidi Schultheis and Catilin Rooney, A Right to Counsel Is a Right to a Fighting Chance: The Importance of Legal Representation in Eviction Proceedings (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2019), available at, Oksana Mironova, Right to Counsel and Stronger Rent Laws Helped Reduce Evictions on 2019, Community Service Society, February 24, 2020, available at, Lexington Law, How Long Does an Eviction Stay on Your Record., Office of Ward 3 Councilmember Mary Cheh, Eviction Record Sealing Authority Amendment Act of 2019, Press release, June 18, 2019, available at, Fairness in Renting Emergency Amendment Act of 2020, B23-0940, Council of the District of Columbia (October 5, 2020), available at, Gapard Le Dem, D.C. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research. Proof of identity; 2. What can I use to show housing instability? Overcrowding in the home: An empirical investigation of its possible pathological consequences. Proof of assessed need for services. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-0997-8, Herbert, C. W., Morenoff, J. D., & Harding, D. J. 6800, 116th Cong., 2nd sess. Certain populations, such as children who move frequently and people who have spent time in prison, may be more affected by housing instability. The following screens show examples of each of the conditions of eligibility. 142 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<799FA322036BFF4EB5D08B547890302D><56F5DCEFE7776347BFDDD61E12C4047F>]/Index[102 75]/Info 101 0 R/Length 146/Prev 158116/Root 103 0 R/Size 177/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream These can be a model that grantees may be able to learn from and use to help reduce their processing bottlenecks, barrier bust documentation hurdles for tenants, and therefore, keep people stably housed. The three types of eligibility attachments required include: Proof of Explore guides to help you plan for big financial goals. Check with your local program for details. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.076190, Baggett, T. P., Hwang, S. W., OConnell, J. J., Porneala, B. C., Stringfellow, E. J., Orav, E. J., & Rigotti, N. A. Use the search bar to find programs in your area. If your landlord normally pays for utilities or home energy costs, these are counted as part of your rent. The National Innovation Services Framework for an Equitable COVID-19 Homelessness Response, for example, took a participatory action approach to engaging communities with lived experiences with housing insecurity and homelessness in developing guidelines for decision-makers to build equity-focused COVID-19 homelessness relief approaches.84 Meaningful community partnerships must be prioritized, resourced, and sustained to ensure more equitable responses. Or they can ask you to show your income with other documents (for example, unemployment benefits documents, pay stubs, tax documents, a statement from an employer, etc.). They'll work with Boston residents who are at risk of housing instability. This generally includes renter households with income up to 80% of the Area Median Income (AMI), with adjustments for family size. Waters and Oksana Miranova, Addressing the Eviction Epidemic, Community Service Society, September 28, 2017, available at, Deena Greenberg, Carl Gershenson, and Matthew Desmond, Discrimination in Evictions: Empirical Evidence and Legal Challenges,, Teresa Wiltz, A Pileup of Inequities: Why People of Color Are Hit Hardest by Homelessness, The Pew Charitable Trusts, March 29, 2019, available at, National Homelessness Law Center, Racism, Homelessness, and COVID-19, available at, Kim Parker, Juliana Menasce Horowitz, and Anna Brown, About Half of Lower-Income Americans Report Household Job or Wage Loss Due to COVID-19, Pew Research Center, April 21, 2020, available at, Michael Madowitz and Diana Boesch, The Shambolic Response to the Public Health and Economic Crisis Has Women on the Brink as the Hob Recovery Stalls (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2020), available at, Olugbenga Ajilore, The Persistent Black-White Unemployment Gap Is Built into the Labor Market, Center for American Progress, September 28, 2020, available at, Scott Horsley, Overlooked: Asian American Jobless Rate Surges But Few Take Notice, NPR, October 1, 2020, available at, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity, available at, Stout, Analysis of Current and Expected Rental Shortfall and Potential Evictions in the U.S. (Washington: National Council of State Housing Agencies, 2020), available at. Grantees should adjust the content in the help text to be consistent with the specific policies and procedures that have been developed locally. Apply for money to cover rent and utilities today. It also provides more granular data for program administrators. American Journal of Public Health, 101(8), 15081514. Homelessness prevention and housing security programs and policies need to include and prioritize a race-conscious framework. However, if you have overdue rent, the money you get must go toward rent that you owe before it can be used for future rent. Senior Policy Analyst, Poverty to Prosperity Program, Kyle Ross, Arohi Pathak, Seth Hanlon, 6 More Despite the success of rental assistance, roughly 16 million low-income households that need rental assistance (that is, households that spend more than 30 It utilizes progressive disclosure, only showing applicable sections. These are the first in a series of examples demonstrating best practices for service delivery and can be an inspiration for how grantees may iterate and evolve their applications and programs to better serve tenants and landlords. Webhousing instability; and REQUIREMENT #3 The household has a household income at or below 80% of area median income. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1103216, Aratani, Y., Chau, M. M., Wight, V., & Addy, S. D. (2011). If youre able to, you should pay your rent. A study from the University of Washington that focused on rental housing in Washington state found that, in 2018, neighborhoods with more racial diversity experienced higher rates of evictions.18 Another, earlier study, which looked specifically at King County, Washington, found that nonwhite renters faced eviction rates that were 60 percent higher than those of white renters.19 Controlling for poverty levels, New York City neighborhoods with more Black and Latinx renters also face higher rates of evictions,20 and more Black and Latinx renters than white renters report being threatened with eviction.21 And after looking at data from 2009 to 2011, the Milwaukee Area Renters Study found that Latinx renters in predominantly white neighborhoods were twice as likely to be evicted as Latinx renters in neighborhoods that were not predominantly white.22, People of color disproportionately experience homelessness. If you have overdue rent, the money must go toward rent that you owe, first. State and local renter assistance programs, including local moratoriums on evictions, have developed across the country.54 Local moratoriums vary with regard to which stages of the eviction process are halted, from filing to court proceeding to voluntary or forced vacation of a rental unit. For example, in some areas, you can apply for rental assistance yourself. Gove, W. R., Hughes, M., & Galle, O. R. (1979). But many families who do not become homeless face Local programs may be able to help with future rent. The eviction process begins when a landlord serves you a legal document called a Notice to Quit (Eviction Notice). (June 24, 2020), available at, Protecting Renters from Evictions and Fees Act of 2020, S. 4097, 116th Cong., 2nd sess. For additional information on cross-cutting topics, please see the Incarceration, Poverty, and Quality of Housing literature summaries. Sarnata Reynolds, Caroline Medina, Molly Weston Williamson, Rachael Eisenberg, Brandon Tucker, Hadi Sedigh. Jaboa Lake is a senior policy analyst for the Poverty to Prosperity Program at the Center for American Progress. How can I show where I live and how much rent I agreed to pay? The Office of Housing Stability's Housing Crisis Case Coordinators can help you deal with the eviction process. WebThis page provides resources related to the intersection between intimate partner violence (IPV), housing instability, and homelessness, and seeks to ensure that survivors of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking have doi: 10.1080/10511482.2015.1015042, Hernndez, D. (2016). %PDF-1.6 % if(subscribe.checkValidity()) { Recent analysis estimates that the amount of back rent owed may reach as much as $34 billion by years end, with more than 20 million renters8 million Recovery for many individuals and families will extend well beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Housing costs exceed 50% of the current household income. Your applications will not be fully submitted until your landlord has responded to the recommendation request and has submitted required documentation. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9584-3. Renters of color are more cost-burdened. We offer free counseling to landlords to support owner and tenant stabilization. 176 0 obj <>stream There has been a long history of housing insecurity for people of color in the United States due to racially targeted policies and widespread discrimination, particularly within the rental housing market. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21665, Cutts, D. B., Meyers, A. F., Black, M. M., Casey, P. H., Chilton, M., Cook, J. T., & Frank, D. A. The federal ERA Program allows local programs to help with moving expenses, security deposits, rental applications or screening fees. Based on conversations with grantees and tenants, it can be difficult to describe and document financial hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Without rapid action that centers the needs of communities of color and makes investments in long-term solutions, the future will hold even more inequality and continued unfairness. American Economic Review, 106(4), 855902. experiencing homelessness or housing instability; and c. the household is a low-income family (as such term is defined in section 3(b) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. Cutts, D. B., Meyers, A. F., Black, M. M., Casey, P. H., Chilton, M., Cook, J. T., & Frank, D. A. They must also have reasonable procedures in place to prevent fraud. This includes help paying for future utility or energy bills, even if you owe money for existing or overdue bills. You might also be asked to show: A past due utility or rent bill or eviction notice; Proof that you live in unsafe or unhealthy living conditions, or; Other proof that the program asks you for During the pandemic, renters of color have reported less overall confidence in being able to pay their next months rent and have reported not having paid the previous months rent on time at disproportionately higher rates than their white counterparts. In other cases, your local program might give you the money right away, without first contacting your landlord. These crowded places put people at higher risk of getting COVID-19. The CDC halt was announced in early September, more than a month after the expiration of the CARES Act moratorium and a week after the end of the first set of 30-day notices of intent to evict. As part of your ERAP application, you are required to provide contact information for your landlord and submit a "recommendation request" to your landlord. Then you must use the money to pay the landlord or utility yourself. Ask your local program about the total amount of help available to you. %%EOF Allow applicants to progress and self-attest if they cannot provide documentation. But right now,most federal emergency rental assistance programs accept applications from landlords. Whereas, applicants who reply that they havent received a past due or eviction notice, are instead asked whether they have experienced other housing risks. (March 27, 2020), available at, The Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions Act of 2020, H.R. Authors note:CAP uses Black and African American interchangeably throughout many of our products. Demography, 52(5), 17511772. Talk to your local program to find out how they can help. More research is also needed to identify how to reduce the negative effects of housing instability on health outcomes and health disparities. Housing subsidies administered by the federal government provide financial assistance to help low-income people pay rent.6,33,34However, households may be on waitlists for several years before receiving assistance.6,18,33Due to limited funds and the large number of households in need, only 26 percent of eligible households received federal housing subsidies in 2013.8Further work is needed to explore potential strategies to reduce housing instability. American Progress would like to acknowledge the many generous supporters who make our work possible. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 19(6), 12761283. All members of the household must be on the lease. Get practical information about your legal rights in Massachusetts. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn182, National Bureau of Economic Research. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00278.x, Frederick, T.J., Chwalek, M., Hughes, J., Karabanow, J., & Kidd, S. (2014). implementation of new programs and policies that the office is exploring. When you apply for emergency rental help, be ready to show an agreement signed by you and your landlord that shows where you live and your rental payment amount. We help tenants in housing crisis due to fire, natural disaster, eviction, or condemnation. However, throughout the pandemic, advocates39 have shown that these protections, while essential, have fallen short and that much more emergency action is necessary as need continues to remain high.40, The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which was signed into law in March 2020, provided direly needed housing protections and homeless services aids.41 However, many of these protections and aids have expired, such as unemployment insurance benefit boosts and a moratorium on evictions for federally backed housing. Long entrenched, racially targeted policies and practices at the local, state, and national levels have led to discriminatory practices and disparities in rental housing.4 The Fair Housing Act (FHA) of 1968 prohibits discrimination against applicants and tenants based on various identities, including race.5 Yet despite the FHA and its amendments, overt and subtle racial discrimination still occurs. 1437a(b)).2 While there are some differences in eligibility between ERA1 and This rate of housing cost burden is well over Forced displacement from rental housing: Prevalence and neighborhood consequences. Mortgage foreclosure and health disparities: Serial displacement as asset extraction in African American populations. To find the latest CAP resources on the coronavirus, visit ourcoronavirus resource page. How stable is stable? }. doi: 10.7758/RSF.2015.1.2.04, Geller, A., & Curtis, M. A. US housing insecurity and the health of very young children. A full list of supporters is available, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Can Support Racial Equity in Homeownership and Environmental Justice Efforts, The United States Must Deliver on Equitable Housing Outcomes for All, The ARP Grew the Economy, Reduced Poverty, and Eased Financial Hardship for Millions, Why the United States Must Stay the Course on Ukraine, Paid Leave Policies Must Include Chosen Family, The Killing of Tyre Nichols Must Serve as a Catalyst to Root Out Racial Injustice in Policing, 5 Ways Governors and Mayors Can Leverage Federal Investments. WebTo show housing instability, you may need to sign a written statement. Continues Encampment Cleanups During The Pandemic Despite CDC Guidance, DCist, October 15, 2020, available at, Theresa Clift, Sacramento police still clearing homeless CDC coronavirus guidelines discourage it,, Jakob Rodgers, Sweeps Of Homeless Camps Run Counter To COVID Guidance And Pile On Health Risks, KHN, June 26, 2020, available at, Marisa Westbrook and Tony Robinson, Unhealthy by design: health & safety consequences of the criminalization of homelessness,, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Interim Guidance on People Experiencing Unsheltered Homelessness., Movement for Black Lives, What Is the BREATHE Act?, available at, Movement for Black Lives, Section 3: Allocating New Money To Build Healthy, Sustainable & Equitable Communities for All People, available at, National Alliance to End Homelessness, The Framework for an Equitable COVID-19 Homelessness Response, available at, Executive Office of the President, Executive Order 13950: Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping, Press release, September 22, 2020, available at, National Council of Nonprofits, The Executive Order on Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping, available at, U.S. Department of Justice, The Fair Housing Act, available at, National Fair Housing Alliance, Furthering Fair Housing, available at. Although new rental construction is currently on the rise, more rental units are being built with the high-income market in mind, whereas the supply of low-cost rental units continues to decline dramatically as housing instability increases.105 Worse yet, few rental units are accessible106 or constructed to fit the needs or lifestyles of multigenerational families.107 Moreover, exclusionary zoning policies that concentrate racialized poverty and foster segregation must be banned, and investments must be made in affordable, accessible housing that gives residents a choice of where to live and that works for a diverse range of families.108. When you apply for emergency rental help, you will be asked to show that your income is eligible and that youre experiencing housing instability. If you need help understanding any of the eligibility requirements, please reach us at 651.219.4503 for help. Blake, K. S., Kellerson, R. L., & Simic, A. Four in 5 landlords use criminal background screening when evaluating tenant applications,101 and people with criminal records are often ineligible for public and supportive housing programs.102 These barriers disproportionately affect people of color and contribute to the cycle of housing insecurity and incarceration.103 Repealing these restrictions and practices while jointly adopting automated record-clearing programs, such as the Clean Slate Initiative,104 would help provide access to affordable housing and keep people lodged. If youre a landlord, eligibility is based on your tenants household needs. Local programs might also rely on a caseworker or other professional who knows about your situation to certify that your income qualifies for emergency rental assistance. National Low Income Housing Coalition. The link between neighborhood poverty and health: Context or composition?. (2011). Neighborhoods with more renters of color face higher rates of eviction. doi: 10.2307/2137103, Cardoso, M. R. A., Cousens, S. N., de Ges Siqueira, L. F., Alves, F. M., & DAngelo, L. A. V. (2004). https://www.hud.gov/topics/rental_assistance. The intention is to help tenants see themselves and/or their situation within the checklist options offered and to avoid asking tenants to provide a narrative. Receipt due to past Hide complexity from an applicant until or unless they must take action. %PDF-1.6 % Defining and measuring housing stability. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(6), 611619. It depends on how your local program works. Decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis. WebRISK OF HOUSING INSTABILITY FORM . If youre a renter having trouble paying your rent, utilities, or other housing costs or if youre a landlord trying to stay afloat with tenants in this situation help may be available. You apply through your local emergency rental assistance (ERA) program. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300139, Meltzer, R., & Schwartz, A. %%EOF As a result, more renters are turning to savings,32 retirement,33 and the newly accepted rental payment method by many landlordscredit cards.34 These methods of staying afloat that so many are now turning to plant the seeds of future financial struggle, as many diminish personal emergency funds and increase debt as individuals and families try to stay housed.35 Tenant advocate groups, researchers, and agencies across the country have identified eviction as a perpetuator of poverty,36 a driver of homelessness,37 and a public health crisis.38, In response to the coronavirus pandemic, some emergency housing protections have been taken at the local, state, and federal levels. Asking for the total amount that the tenant owes for the utility allows all fees needed to maintain that utility to be included. This form may be completed by one or more individuals within the household in order to demonstrate the household is at risk of The ordinance requires landlords planning to convert a property to secure a Plan and Permit. http://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Renters_in_Foreclosure_2012.pdf [PDF 428 KB], Busacker, A., & Kasehagen, L. (2012). { document.getElementById('search-form').focus(); }, 300);">, https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2020/demo/p60-270.pdf, https://reports.nlihc.org/sites/default/files/gap/Gap-Report_2020.pdf, https://civilrights.findlaw.com/discrimination/fair-housing-race-discrimination.html, https://nationalfairhousing.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2019-Trends-Report.pdf, https://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/AG-2017/2017AG_Ch06-S06_Housing-Access-Criminal-Records.pdf, https://www.urban.org/features/exposing-housing-discrimination, https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/cost-burdens-rise-middle-income-households-most-metros, https://www.cbpp.org/research/economy/robust-unemployment-insurance-other-relief-needed-to-mitigate-racial-and-ethnic, https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/ARH_2017_cost_burdens_by_race, http://uli.org/wp-content/uploads/ULI-Documents/ResidentialFuturesII.pdf, https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/ppi/2019/06/multigenerational-housing.doi.org.10.26419-2Fppi.00071.001.pdf, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/04/05/a-record-64-million-americans-live-in-multigenerational-households/, https://reports.nlihc.org/sites/default/files/oor/OOR_2020.pdf, https://www.issuelab.org/resources/12818/12818.pdf, https://phys.org/news/2020-02-reveals-gender-racial-disparities-evictions.html, https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/40705, https://www.cssny.org/news/entry/evictions-and-the-right-to-counsel, https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mdesmond/files/greenberg_et_al._.pdf, https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2019/03/29/a-pileup-of-inequities-why-people-of-color-are-hit-hardest-by-homelessness, https://www.lahsa.org/documents?id=2823-report-and-recommendations-of-the-ad-hoc-committee-on-black-people-experiencing-homelessness, https://c4innovates.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/SPARC-Phase-1-Findings-March-2018.pdf, https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Racism-Homelessness-and-COVID-19-Fact-Sheet-_Final_2.pdf, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/04/21/about-half-of-lower-income-americans-report-household-job-or-wage-loss-due-to-covid-19/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2020/10/22/492179/shambolic-response-public-health-economic-crisis-women-brink-job-recovery-stalls/, https://americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2020/09/28/490702/persistent-black-white-unemployment-gap-built-labor-market/, https://www.npr.org/2020/10/01/918834644/overlooked-asian-american-jobless-rate-surges-but-few-take-notice, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html, https://www.ncsha.org/resource/current-and-expected-rental-shortfall-and-potential-eviction-filings, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/21/business/economy/rent-tenants-evictions.html, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2020/09/24/economic-fallout-from-covid-19-continues-to-hit-lower-income-americans-the-hardest/, https://www.gozego.com/articles/may-rent-payment-data-reveals-april-trends-have-continued-as-a-result-of-covid-19/, https://talkpoverty.org/2020/07/15/eviction-bans-expire-renters-turn-credit-cards/, https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/fastfocus/pdfs/FF22-2015.pdf, https://www.heart.org/en/news/2019/07/16/best-way-to-end-homelessness-and-its-health-impact-prevent-evictions, https://www.chn.org/voices/cdc-agrees-the-national-eviction-crisis-is-a-public-health-emergency/, https://nlihc.org/coronavirus-and-housing-homelessness, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/748, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/6800, https://appropriations.house.gov/news/press-releases/house-passes-updated-heroes-act, https://endhomelessness.org/legislation/summary/, 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