Overall, this work exemplified Hishida's later style of luminous naturalism. The kakejiku world is very interesting and beautiful. Nihonga's advocacy for traditional Japanese artistic techniques, materials, and styles was in direct opposition to Yga, an art movement that had risen six years earlier which was favored by the Japanese government in its promotion of Western artistic styles and techniques, largely oil painting. Yet, there is an indefinable presence that holds them together. Nihonga (Japanese-style paintings) have continued to evolve for over one thousand years. But as with most revolutions, the counter revolutionaries clamored to be heard too. This still life has a delicate asymmetrical balance between the bowl of sardines and two slices of red salmon filling up the left, and the five sardines on the right, their horizontal lines interrupted by one sardine creating a diagonal, and the round earthenware teapot in the upper right of center. Metals, such as gold and silver in the form of leaf and dei (powder manufactured from leaf), have also been used as Japanese painting materials. 13 Things to Know about Japanese Hairpins, Choosing the Best Japanese Futon: All You Need to Know, Gion Kyoto: 20 Must-See Highlights of the Geisha District, The A-Z of Japanese Pottery: 32 Most Popular Ceramic Styles, Junji Ito: 10 Best Stories from Japans Master of Horror, 8 Wonders of Japanese Architecture by Woodblock Print Masters, 20 Iconic Japanese Fashion Designers You Should Know, 22 Best Japanese Ceramic Towns You Should Visit, 25 Best-Selling Japanese Face Masks For Every Skin Type, What are Vintage Kimono? He subsequently, founded the Inten, a separate exhibition that was to show both Nihonga and Yoga works at its inception. He first used the term in 1882 in his "The New Theory of Art" lecture, given at the Dragon Pond Society in Japan. For instance, in 1916 over 250,000 people attended in Tokyo, at a time when the city's population was a little over three million. This became known as the classic Japanese style. Similar to the gunjyourokushou can be seared to darken the green to an almost black pigment. In his desire to find new possibilities for Nihonga, Bakusen juxtaposed different Japanese styles with a Western influence, as seen in this work's treatment of the landscape taken from Heian period painting, the pines reflecting the influence of the Momoyama period's wall paintings, and the woman's odalisque form evoking a Western influence. Shiho Sakakibara, Japanese White-Eye and Plum Blossoms, 1939, Adachi Museum of Art, But of course no one person or institution created so inclusive an art movement as Japanese painting. : , 23 - ,2022 - ,2022 - ,2022 - ,2 g . The first abstract Japanese works were woodblock prints, created by Kshir Onchi, a leader of the ssaku-hanga, or creative prints movement that began in the early 1900s. Space is limited and . DHL Delivery OkameGallery (59) 237.90 FREE UK delivery Traditional Japanese nihonga print beepboopgifts 11.99 As a result, the Japanese art world was, as art historian John Szostak described, less a clear division between two groups, than a "mosaic composed of myriad shifting cultural components, some of which were imported from the West, others of which were contributed by Japan's own cultural legacy.". All the materials were selected or processed with great care; for instance, paper was made from different species of trees to obtain a particular surface, and the silk used was different from that used for clothing. Wikimedia Commons. You can find out more about washi paper in our Complete Guide to Washi Paper. Youll see ad results based on factors like relevance, and the amount sellers pay per click. ; ; /; ; . Click Customise Cookies to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. Totransform the powdered pigments into usable paints, mix these with thenikawa liquid to yourpreferredconsistency. Binder sold separately. 15.88, 22.68 [Internet]. Yet, subsequently, the work has been re-evaluated and seen as highly innovative in Japanese painting for its pioneering use of abstraction. His theories became the foundation for Nihonga, and were felt internationally, influencing writers like the Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore and the American modernist Ezra Pound, as well as the philosopher Martin Heidegger, and the art patron Isabella Stewart Gardner. But, in my opinion, there are a few which should be an indispensable part of any collection of colors. The noted collector and founder of the Adachi Museum of Art Adachi Zenko wrote, "it is Taikan who stands out in terms of quantity and qualityHis engagement in life's challenges with energy and a truth-seeking spirit give his works power, depth, and compositional integritysuch a painter comes along only once every 100 years, or even 300 years. The overall effect is to convey the cycle of life, embodied and represented by the water cycle, flowing through the river, rising as mist, and falling again as rain, to reflect the Buddhist concept of existence as a cycle of rebirth. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. English editions started circulating in the early 1900s, reaching an international audience. By making the diameter of the roller rod bigger, creasing, distortion, and other forms of tension on the main work can be prevented. Acknowledging Taikan's primacy in Tokyo Nihonga and Seih's in Kyoto, there was a popular saying among Nihonga painters, "Taikan in the east, Seih in the west." As a result, there are various customs of kakejiku in Japan; kakejiku and the life of the Japanese are closely related. Since, annual participations in the exhibition Kan-Hikari Art Expo at Nij Castle and at Kiyomizu-dera (temple) (both are UNESCO World Heritage site) and at Senny-ji temple. The Society encouraged collaboration, and also promoted artistic travel abroad so that Nihonga painters could draw inspiration from new sources. Two great colors that I often mix to create a lovely purple shadow color are gunjyou (, ground lazurite) and shinsha. Nihonga artists took full advantage of this such as in Kanzan Shimomuras the Beggar Monk. kiya-8688@k4.dion.ne.jp, Houkoudou By Ellen P. Conant, J. Thomas Rimer, Steven D. Owyoung, et al. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kissho Gansai Tambi Watercolor Jananese Art Paint 48 Colors Set at the best online prices at eBay! Subsequently he began sketching to try and capture the changing ripples forming on the water. The art critic David Kropit has described his work as having "exceptional clarity and presence. Behind her another young woman can be glimpsed under the white umbrella her pale face wrapped in blue. Ukiyo-e prints were exported to Europe and launched Japonisme; a French term reflecting a craze for all things Japanese in art and design. We can see Japanese values through kakejiku. Launched again in 1914, the school taught a new generation of Nihonga artists including Hishida Shunso, Shiokawa Bunrin, Kno Bairei, Tomioka Tessai, and Shimomura Kanzan. All Rights Reserved, Living Artists of Japan: The Path of Tradition, Nihonga Artists, Contemporary artist Hiroshi Senju discusses his work at his upstate studio in New York, Garden of Unearthly Delights: Hisashi Tenmyouya, Hisashi Tenmyouya: Samurai Nouveau Trailer, Fuyuko Matsui on Her Work and the Supernatural, The Paintings of Sadness? The finer the particles of this mineral pigments, the lighter the color. A contrast between the elements of earth and air is conveyed, as the sold forms of the jagged rocks echo the lines of the crouching tiger and the dragon's fluid arabesques swirl up like white, golden tinged flames. The principle difference was a departure from the more classical painting techniques and the proliferation of woodblock prints, which were largely popular and more commercially accessible to the masses. Japanese style has always been different. In creating the scroll, Taikan used katabokashi, a Japanese ink technique that had a similar effect to Western chiaroscuro. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice. However, the Japanese aesthetic senses, which are the bases of Japanese culture, have been nurtured through a long history, intertwining various elements intricately, such as climate, geographical features, religion, customs and so on. If you agree, well also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. nihonga movement of the turn of the 20th century web living with art 12th edition isbn10 Ink and color on paper, pair of six panel folding screens - Eisei Bunko Museum, Tokyo, Japan. Okakura Kakuz, a brilliant student who became Fenollosa's assistant and then collaborator, became a leading Nihonga theorist. Nihonga is style of art unique to Japan, unsurprisingly as the name literally means Japanese painting. She works with the traditional materials Iwa-enogu , which are mineral pigments, and washi , the . Another artist, Nobuya Hoki, combines Nihonga with manga subjects. It was largely influenced by the arrival of Chinese sumi ink painting and inspired by work of the Tang dynasty. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. In it, he wrote, "Asia is one." He was also interested in combining a more modern sensibility with Nihonga. Please post your comments and questions below. A beautiful video of how these pigments could be used can be viewedon one of our customer's Youtube channelhereandhere, and you can read our full interviewhere. Nihonga artists, though, felt the need to preserve the heritage of classical Japanese painting and techniques resulting in a reinvigoration of the form that paid homage to the past while updating it for the newly sophisticated times of global exposure and artistic influence. Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. All of these elements of craft were considered to be part of the artistic process of painting. During a summer stay in the country with his family, Gyosh observed and sketched the moths that were attracted to the evening's bonfire. For exceptions and conditions, see, Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 29 July 2016. These colours and ingredients are specific to the Japanese colour palette and form the basis of what is known as, Totransform the powdered pigments into usable paints, mix these with the, A beautiful video of how these pigments could be used can be viewedon one of our customer's Youtube channel, pigment. The robust and versatile washi (, Japanese paper) challenges the artist with a myriad of surfaces. The magazine became a prominent advocate for Japanese art and is still being published today. ---Scale Model Supplies Greenzone----Model trees, . We welcome discussions from all on the subject of pigments from artists, students and researchers alike. The style and subject matter of Atsushi Uemura's Sandpiper seems quite far removed from his grandmother Shoen Uemura's renowned bijinga portraits. Twenty four colorfast colours in reusable rectangular containers. This double panel image on silk deploys irregular lines of dark blue on a silver surface to convey the rippling patterns of water. Taikan Yokoyama, Mount Penglai, 1948, Adachi Museum of Art. VAT: One of the most distinctive characteristics of Japanese painting when contrasted with its European counterpart is the use of empty space. To mix pigments into paint please purchase this this gelatine glue-based binderavailable here. This way, they could paint it onto the canvas and create small, shiny accents. I feel quite honored that destiny has allowed me, as an outsider, into this wonderful tradition, and I hope that I am able to pass the things Ive learned along to any eager artist with the desire. ", Natural pigments on Japanese mulberry paper - The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York. What is conveyed most is a sense of ritualized action, as the combative competitiveness of soccer is paired with the samurai code of warfare, and a primal ferocity, conveyed by the emphasis on black helmet and its wearer's white-toothed snarl. Parts of Japanese culture has been introduced to people in other countries recently, so the number of people from other countries who are interested in Japanese culture has been increasing. In the top image, a small pine stands to the left of the curving trunks and branches of a small grove. Genso Okuda, Oirase Ravine (Autumn), 1983, Yamatane Museum of Art. Silk and Washi Limited time offer - Save 30% off all videos, use code: 30OFFVIDEO. Moreover, even metals are used in nihonga and render a unique world of sublime beauty. In 1884, Fenollosa launched the Kangakai, the Painting Appreciation Society. If David Bowie were a painter, he would buy his paints in a 100 year oldshop in the narrow streets of old KyotocalledPainted Clouds,of course. In Japan the peacock was connected to Kannon, a god who looked upon the suffering of the world with loving compassion, as reflected in the bird's 'many-eyed' gaze. I am a fan of Japanese watercolours as they have the consistency of Gouache and watercolour paint together. I also sat in on a Nihonga class at the NHK Culture center, and immediately realized, these classes were geared primarily for hobbyists and retirees. Waterfall depictions have a long tradition in Japanese art, and early Nihonga artists like Takeuchi Seih explored the subject, as seen in his Waterfall (1925). Kansetsu Hashimoto, Summer Evening, 1941, Adachi Museum of Art. The books and articles below constitute a bibliography of the sources used in the writing of this page. One genre of Nihonga was historical painting, which often included portraiture and focused on important historical events or heroes that had become part of Japanese culture. Usually these two panels are shown together, as an intended pair, and the panel in the upper image is displayed on the right. ", Ink, color, gold, on silk - Smithsonian Museum of Art, Washington DC, This painting on silk focuses on the encounter between a powerful tiger, standing on a rocky crag, and a dragon that energetically takes form in serpentine curls borne of the clouds. The overall effect is almost photographic, and yet fluid, as if one were looking at water actually streaming behind a panel of glass. This is because they may be damaged if we roll them up. A new movement Nihonga, meaning "Japanese painting," originated during this time. In the upper right, a seal, encircled by a curving blue and purple dragon, evokes the traditional associations of Japanese scroll paintings, as the dragon hearkens back to a mythical creature revered in Japanese culture and identified with the Emperor. Yukio Kondo is a Japanese artist who received his master's degree from Tama Art University, where he studied under Matazo Kayama. Dec 23, 2017 - Explore Artfully Vintage's board "Nihonga", followed by 328 people on Pinterest. (30% off). For example, in the installations of Keizaburo Okamura, he uses cedar panels, then shaves, incises, and burns the surface before painting with mineral pigments, ground shells, glass, and sand in depicting subjects derived from early Japanese styles. Nihonga artists often make use of natural materials to make the required colors, including minerals such as azurite for blue and malachite for red. Exhibition Kach-ga -Bird and flower painting- Today , (Tenshin Memorial Museum of Art, Ibaraki) 2009: Exhibition Nihonga-Kyo (Takashimaya in Tokyo, Kyoto, etc.) where is the mailings tab in office 365. creme savers strain allbud. Senju's work is unique in its scale and singular focus, and, as many of his works are large screens or installations, they become a way of transforming the relationship between human structures and the natural world. Various clays and chalk can be used for earth shades, while more vibrant red can be obtained from insects, such as the cochineal larvae or plants like sappanwood or garcinia trees. In this article, Lucas gives a brief introduction to the pigments used in Nihonga painting and shares some of his preferred pigments and techniques he uses for getting the desired colours. Female Chanter for Jruri Puppet Theater by Arai Ku, 1920, via The Met From Then to Now June 10, 2017. Gyokudo Kawai, Spring Drizzle, 1942, Adachi Museum of Art. This painting, showing a number of brightly colored moths dancing in the fire, dynamically depicts the swirling, glowing flames as they rise up, creating a kind of luminous form. So I called it 'neo-Japanese' painting. While heavily influenced by Japanese genre works and early Buddhist painting, he also studied the Post-Impressionists and other European artists. Tennen iwa-enogu (natural mineral pigments) are pigments derived from natural ingredients: minerals, shells, corals and even semi-precious stones like malachite, azurite and cinnabar. This scroll depicts a varied landscape: quiet mountains thick with trees and deer, small villages and scenes of human activity, all connected by the element of water. '", Lecture by Chelsea Foxwell / The next great challenge was unlearning all my previous training in painting and starting fresh with these new materials and design principles. Both these materials absorb pigment in distinctive ways, and in doing so help to create the soft intermingling of color that is characteristic of Nihonga. He was an equally important teacher and led the revival of the Japan Fine Art Academy. Explore beautiful, artist-quality watercolors, oils and mediums made by DANIEL SMITH. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. By chance a friend of one of my students was the husband of a woman, Susuzi Mari, who graduated as a doctor of painting from Tokyo University of Fine Arts (). Schools and associations that taught and promoted the new Japanese art style would also encourage the inclusion of traditional Japanese themes, in particular religious iconography as in Taikan Yokoyamas representation of Mount Penglai, a holy mountain in East Asian Buddhism. The Society launched its own annual exhibition called the Kokuten and invited artists in any style to exhibit. This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. Close (or press ESC or click the overlay). Found a lower price? Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack The pattern intensifies as the blue lines become closer, creating a field of movement, darker in intensity, and overlapping near the top of the image. And of course, this distinction was carried into the twentieth century in the realm of nihonga art. However, the technique of mixing natural mineral pigments (tennen iwa-enogu) with animal glue, which is central to the tradition, has remained unchanged. His work brought a Western naturalistic sense of observation to his subjects while at the same time used Japanese reduced elements, negative space, and broad areas of subtly varying color. The black diagonals of jagged rocks emphasize the spot where the waterfall's white vertical intersects with the rippling river. The metals, ground into fine dust, were also used for final touches. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. In creating such a long scroll, Taikan used one of the oldest Japanese formats, much like the Genji Monogatari Emaki (Tale of the Genji Scroll) (c.1120-1140) that depicted scenes from a classical Japanese novel of the same name, which was almost 450 feet long. For instance, the internationally known Takashi Murakami was trained in Nihonga but subsequently rejected it in favor of his own style that is now internationally recognized as Superflat. Nihonga from the Griffith and Patricia Way Collection MORIOKA, Michiyo and Paul Berry Published by Seattle Art Museum, 1999 ISBN 13: 0978093216533 Seller: COLLINS BOOKS, Seattle, U.S.A. Association Member: CBA Seller Rating: Contact seller Used - Hardcover Condition: Fine US$ 25.00 Convert currency US$ 4.99 Shipping Within U.S.A. 24 Things You Need to Know, 20 Best Towns to Enjoy the Winter Snow in Japan. Seison Maeda was a noted leader of this style who used mineral watercolor pigment in works like his Yoritomo in a Cave (1929). The theories of art historians Kitazawa Noriaki and Sato Dashin played an important role in the revival as the two men argued that Nihonga, while originating in traditional Japanese art, was without a confining definition or conscribed idea. It was popular during Industrialization and the modernity of the West. The Meiji government actively promoted the study of Western art by establishing art schools and inviting distinguished Western teachers and artists to teach in those schools. Shinsha (, ground cinnabar) is an intense red used throughout Asia for thousands of years. Nihonga Sumi-e Watercolour Paint Pan Set, 24 colours. Matsui called her terrifying images "talismans," and described her artistic intent as "to visually express something that is usually felt physically." Water was believed to be the most powerful of the four sacred elements, and its eternal presence, changing in metempsychosis through different forms, is the central preoccupation of the work. My first attempt was finding a teacher from a popular website, but found that this was not a good option as the teacher wanted to teach me at a very slow pace. It is the most represented black coloring material used in East Asian paintings. We should go back to them. You can buy styles of washi paper today that were first popularized by the artists who used them, such as the Taikan style. The space the figure inhabits seems both interior, as if a closed room or within an interior consciousness, and exterior as if she were running outside on a street or path with a forest looming behind. Find the perfect japanese nihonga painting stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. By including the child, he depicted Kannon untraditionally, perhaps influenced by the Western depiction of the Madonna, and wanting to create an image that would appeal to both Asian and European audiences. Winning an award in the subsequent year's competition as well, Hgai became an acknowledged leader of the Nihonga movement, as did his former students Hashimoto Gah and Yokoyama Taikan. Despite the title, the work is abstract. The opening of trade with the West sparked an artistic exchange between countries. Turning off the personalised advertising setting wont stop you from seeing Etsy ads or impact Etsy's own personalisation technologies, but it may make the ads you see less relevant or more repetitive. Depicted in soft glowing shades of brown and grey, outlined at its top shoulder and front paw in white, the cat is both remarkably realistic and atmospheric in its treatment of colors. Her black hair streaming out behind her is torn from her head by a flock of pursuing birds. To achieve different decorative effects, finely beaten gold, platinum, and silver were often used as metallic leaf for backgrounds, and, in those cases, would be applied to the supporting silk. Possibly the most recognizable part of Nihonga are the wonderful materials. Fortuitously, I had casually mentioned my dilemma to the students in one my english classes . They would also thin out metal to add leaves to each piece. Nihonga developed as an art movement in direct response to the transformation of Japanese society during the Meiji Period. The white background lets the creature inhabit a kind of undefined space, a sense of visual meditation. He was influenced by Misao Yokoyama, who was raised in the same hometown, Niigata, as him, he aims to create paintings which follow the tradition and deep spirituality of Nihonga. As a result, he has been described by art historian John Szostak as among "the most adventurous and inventive" painters of his era. While favoring the efforts to modernize Japan, he also had a deep appreciation for historical Japanese culture and art and felt that, while Japanese artists could learn from Western techniques, they should do so only to enrich their own traditions. Another versatile mixture is rokushou (), ground malachite) and kiguchi iwa kicha roku ( ) which produces a greenish brown. The Japanese people have long set a high value on aesthetic senses since ancient times. Saiun-do Kyoto Nihonga Mineral Pigment Set, 104 colours - Choosing Keeping Saiun-do Kyoto Nihonga Mineral Pigment Set, 104 colours 750.00 Quantity If David Bowie were a painter, he would buy his paints in a 100 year old shop in the narrow streets of old Kyoto called Painted Clouds, of course. The young woman in the lower center of the painting leans forward, her beauty conveyed by the broad planes of green, the elegant pattern of her clothing, and her face as if it were lighting up the grey scene, all further emphasized by the diagonals of the black and gold pattern of her open umbrella. The Inten became an important venue for Nihonga artists and continues to this day. Because Kyoto artists also incorporated other traditions like Nanga, which was a style of painting closely allied with calligraphy and derived from the ink painting of the Chinese Song Dynasty, more styles were brought under the umbrella of Nihonga painting. My name is Lucas Perez and Ive been studying Nihonga for 3 years in Tokyo, Japan. Genso Okuda had access to the full complement of modern materials to create this breathtaking scene, neverthess, the colors he uses can be traced by to the very beginning of the Nihonga movement. This event will take place in person at George Bruce Library. In traditional Nihonga technique these are used in combination with black Sumi ink, which, once diluted, creates layers and shades of black and grey. The Rinpa School primarily influenced Taikan's work, though he also explored Western techniques. In 1889 Okakura Kakuz, along with newspaper editor Takahashi Kenz and an unnamed wealthy art patron, founded the magazine Kokka: An Illustrated Monthly Journal of the Fine and Applied Arts of Japan and Other Asian Countries. We also remount and repair old or damaged kakejiku. Following World War II and Japan's defeat and subsequent occupation, the Nihonga metsubo-ron ("theory on the death of Nihonga") ensued. These arrived yesterday and I used wet and dry wash to test the different colours. Emperor Meiji's ambition was to modernize Japan and become a peer to the West in all areas of thought and culture. Nihonga, routinely taught in various art schools in Japan, has been viewed as rigid and conservative by a number of contemporary artists. Of course, the variety of forms within Nihonga are innumerable, and just as Tenshin predicted, it has become difficult to draw a definitive line around just what exactly makes up this style of Japanese painting. Increasingly any painting created with traditional techniques and materials came to be seen as Nihonga. The first Japanese art magazine Kokka meant "flower of the nation," and included scholarly articles, images of artworks, and an original woodcut print in each issue. The precise lines of the painting ground the subject within a space that could be in the sky looking down upon the rocky pinnacle of a mountain, underwater in a golden sea, or, as if in inner contemplation, looking into the Pure Land of Buddhism. Silk and washi (Japanese paper) are often used for the materials that function as support for kakejiku (hanging scroll) paintings, because they are thin materials. These modern art schools replaced the traditional Japanese schools established by noted masters who had taught subsequent generations of artists. FOR SALE! 2023 The Art Story Foundation. Mrtai (vague, or indistinct) was a negative term coined by Japanese critics of this style who thought the resulting works were, as one wrote, "far removed from the sense of clarity that has been the defining feature of Japanese painting." His concept that all Asian art had an essential unity was expressed in his book The Ideals of the East with Special Reference to the Art of Japan (1903). (50% off), Sale Price 14.01 Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. Color on silk - Yamatane Museum, Tokyo, Japan. The movement was contemporanious with new painting movements in Europe, which were connected with a return to figurative and traditional techniques often with a geographical and nationalistic focus. Travelers and fishermen, groups of monkeys, and a pair of cormorants, populate the landscape. 604-0092 TEL +81 075-231-0938 The vibrant tones of green and gold become a kind of cloud that hovers between intense atmospherics and sharply defined points, like the v shapes at the outer edge of the bird's plumage. However, many people in other countries don't know much about it because it hasn't been showcased as much. Senju began painting waterfalls in the early 1990s and his work has had a tremendous impact upon architectural and interior design, first coming to public attention in the 1995 Venice Biennale. The background is an atmospheric greenish grey with the suggestions of hands and birds reaching within it, while the top of the canvas darkens, revealing black lines of skeletal trees where pulses of color suggest the forms of more birds. this gelatine glue-based binderavailable here. These pigments can be broken into three essential groups: tennen (, traditional) Japanese pigments, shiniwa (, minerals and pigments found from around the world) and gousei (, synthetic colors). Nihonga was viewed as a spontaneous art form, revealing the artist's mind in a particular moment, rather than creating a realistic image. Kangakai's annual art competition became the leading venue for work by artists like Hgai, whose painting fukury rakan zu (Diving Dragon and Arhat) (1885) won a prize in the first competition sponsored by the Society. Because it is a tennnen color, it will darken, eventually turning a deep, blackish-blue and is completely safe.
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